SIMURG
horizontal espalier
EN
noun
Trellis or lattice used in horticulture for training a tree or vine flat against a wall, [...], allowing it to get a maximum of air and sun and bringing the fruit within easy reach for gathering.1
The term is used for the support itself, as well as for the method or technique, which is ideal for planting against walls, as the warmth from the wall helps make the fruit, and also the wood, ripe, so making the wood more frost resistant.
[...] The term is more commonly used for the tree or vine so trained.2
Trim the side branches off of the horizontal espalier arms in early summer and again in late summer to retain the visual look of the espalier.3
/hɒrɪˈzɒntl ɪˈspəeljəʳ/ 4
1660s, from French espalier (16c.), from Italian spalliera "stake-works shoulder-high," from spalla "shoulder," from Latin spatula.5
Università degli Studi di Genova, Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere, Corso di Laurea in Teorie e Tecniche della Mediazione Interlinguistica.
Alessandro Pontarelli, rev. Deirdre Kantz
1 : McGraw-Hill, Dictionary of Architecture & Construction, on http://www.answers.com/topic/espalier#ixzz2i3kTUvUW (10.9.2013).
2 : http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/192665/espalier (10.9.2013); http://blog.spaldingbulb.co.uk/terms/e/ (10.9.2013).
3 : http://www.ehow.com/how_12048863_to-espalier-grapes.html (10.9.2013).
4 : http://www.wordreference.com/definition/horizontal (10.9.2013); http://www.wordreference.com/definition/espalier (10.9.2013).
5 : http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=espalier (10.9.2013).